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The Library of Kali Ma — Source Directory

Browse 2,010 curated Kali Ma source records with authors, languages, dates, citations and original source links. Directory page 21 of 42.

This directory and every linked record are readable without JavaScript, login or a search form. It covers sacred texts, scholarly studies, historical documents, devotional writing, artworks and related cultural sources. Individual records distinguish full texts, external access and metadata-only references.

Mahakali

The Metropolitan Museum of Art — n.d.

Museum record · English · Open access

This record discusses Y. G. Srimati’s twentieth-century watercolor of Mahakali and draws on an artist’s diary entry in explaining its creation. It provides a modern artist’s engagement with goddess imagery alongside the older prints and narrative paintings in the catalog. The artwork’s date is 1980; that date is not the publication date of the modern online collection record.

Source: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Original source or repository

Mahamaya Debi v. Haridas Haldar

Author unrecorded — 1914 CE

Reference · Not specified · Metadata only

From Keepers of the Mother’s Flame — Master Bibliography, Sources for Chapters 1–18. Section: Legal Authorities and Legislation.

Source: Keepers of the Mother’s Flame — Master Bibliography

Original source or repository

Mahāmāyādevī Svarūpa Dhyānam

Traditional; Kālikā Purāṇa passage — Publication date not established

Scripture · Sanskrit · Open access

A concise iconographic and meditative description of the goddess Mahāmāyā, including complexion, ornaments, gestures and weapons. The source explicitly identifies the concluding passage within chapter 53 of the Kālikā Purāṇa.

Source: Sanskrit Documents volunteer project

Original source or repository

Mahānayaprakāśa of Śitikaṇṭha, with Sanskrit commentary

Rājānaka Śitikaṇṭha; edited by Mukundarāma Śāstrī; electronic corrections by Mark S. G. Dyczkowski — 1918 print edition; 2006 electronic revision

Scripture · Apabhraṃśa / Sanskrit · Open access

This is the complete fourteen-section text attributed to Śitikaṇṭha, accompanied by Sanskrit commentary and institutional editorial corrections. It presents the Great Way through the goddess, cycles of manifestation and withdrawal, modes of awareness and the relationship between embodied experience and sacred space. The verse text and prose explanations allow readers to examine the same teaching i

Source: Muktabodha — M00033

Original source or repository

Mahānirvāṇa Tantra, Chapter 5

Woodroffe, John (Arthur Avalon) — Date not recorded

Book · Not specified · Metadata only

From Keepers of the Mother’s Flame — Master Bibliography, Sources for Chapters 1–18. Section: Primary Texts, Editions, and Translations.

Source: Keepers of the Mother’s Flame — Master Bibliography

Original source or repository

Mahānirvāṇa Tantra: Tantra of the Great Liberation

Traditional Sanskrit text; translated by Arthur Avalon (John Woodroffe) — 1913

Book · English · Open access

Avalon's English translation presents fourteen chapters of the Mahānirvāṇa Tantra together with an extensive introduction. The dialogue gives a sustained account of the worship of the primordial power, especially Ādyā Kālī, while placing that worship alongside teachings on Brahman, liberation, initiation, social duties, consecration, and Kaula religious life. Chapter seven is particularly valuable

Source: Publisher not independently checked

Original source or repository

Mahārthamañjarī with the Parimala Commentary

Maheśvarānanda; T. Ganapati Sastri (editor) — 1919

Scripture · Sanskrit · Open access

A major Krama philosophical work presenting the goddess through consciousness, perception and the acts of manifestation and withdrawal. Sanskrit renderings of its seventy stanzas, together with the author’s Parimala commentary, explain the Kali cycles and their philosophical significance.

Source: Muktabodha Indological Research Institute

Original source or repository

Management of Temples in Khotang

Mahesh C. Regmi (editor/translator); original royal chancery — 1981-01-01

Article · English · Open access

This published royal order reinstates Devadetta Upadhyaya as priest of the Kalika temple and two other temples in Khotang, Majhkirat. It withdraws the competing appointment of Srikanta Bhattarai and restores the houses, rice lands and other property belonging to the priestly office and temple endowment. The priest is instructed to maintain worship, construct a temple and tiled roadside shelter, ad

Source: Regmi Research (Private) Ltd, Kathmandu; Digital Himalaya/Cornell digitization

Original source or repository

Many Ma’s: Goddess in America

The Pluralism Project, Harvard University — n.d.

Article · English · Open access

An overview of goddess devotion in the United States, including temple communities and the importance of female religious figures addressed as Mother. It places Hindu goddess traditions in a diaspora setting and provides context for readers comparing deity worship with reverence for women teachers. The essay’s field is broader than Kali devotion. It belongs in a contextual contemporary-religion se

Source: The Pluralism Project, Harvard University

Original source or repository

Many names - many shapes: the war goddess in early Irish literature - with reference to Indian texts: a study in the phenomenology of religion

Ursula Bauer-Harsant — 1996

Thesis · English · Open access

An Edinburgh doctoral thesis on early Irish war goddesses with a substantial Indian comparison. Chapter 8 on Kali occupies pp. 189–221; the comparative conclusion follows on pp. 222–244. The parallels are tentative, not evidence of a common origin or current devotional practice.

Source: The University of Edinburgh

Original source or repository

Mapping the Sacred: Devi Temples and the Landscape of Mother Goddess Worship in Hooghly-Chinsura

Purbasha Goswami — 2025

Article · English · Open access

Surveys living temples and local festive cycles in Hooghly-Chinsura, including Kali Puja, Durga Puja and Jagaddhatri. Useful as a short contextual survey of a Bengali goddess-worship landscape rather than a Kali-exclusive field study. This work is classified as secondary contextual material.

Source: International Research Journal of Humanities and Interdisciplinary Studies 6(7), 181-186; item IRJHIS2507019

Original source or repository

Markandeo Chandi (Bengali)

Sen, Nabinchandra — n.d. (DLI record gives 1816)

Scripture · Bengali · Open access

Early Bengali rendering of the Chandi (Devi Mahatmya), the text of Kali's emergence from Durga's brow; the DLI date looks unreliable.

Source: Digital Library of India, via Internet Archive

Original source or repository

Materiality, affection, personhood: on sacrifice in the worship of the goddess Kali in Guyana

Mello, Marcelo Moura — 2020

Article · English · Open access

Based on fieldwork among Indo-Guyanese devotees, this article examines sacrifice as a process involving substances, bodies, divine manifestations, and interpersonal relations. Mello follows the movements and transformations of materials used in Kali worship to show how religious personhood and the presence of deities are experienced and discussed. The study situates these practices within the desc

Source: Associação Brasileira de Antropologia / Vibrant

Original source or repository

Mātṛkābheda Tantra

Chintamani Bhattacharya (editor) — 1933; 1933 print edition; diplomatic digital transcription 2024.

Scripture · Sanskrit · Open access

A Shakta Tantra on ritual, the guru, mantra and liberation, with direct instructions concerning Siddhakali and Dakshina Kali. The edition preserves variant readings and supplies a substantial primary source for the ritual setting of Kali worship.

Source: Calcutta Sanskrit Series VII; Metropolitan Printing and Publishing House; Muktabodha

Original source or repository

Mātṛtantra texts of South India with special reference to the worship of Rurujit in Kerala and to three different communities associated with this worship

S. A. S. Sarma — 2019

Book · English · Open access

Sarma investigates southern Mātṛtantra texts in which Bhadrakālī becomes a principal deity and relates their prescriptions to Kerala temple worship. The study distinguishes southern Brahmayāmala materials, the Mātṛsadbhāva and the Śeṣasamuccaya rather than treating similarly titled works as one textual witness. Its central sections explain Rurujit, the goddess as conqueror of Ruru, and compare tem

Source: Austrian Academy of Sciences — scholarly chapter

Original source or repository

Mayuramankalam: Colombo Mayurapathi Sri Bhadrakali Amman Temple Volume (2000)

Various contributors; temple editorial committee — 2000

Book · Tamil · Open access

A large Tamil compendium of local Bhadrakali temple history, Shakta philosophy, Kali worship, devotional literature and goddess shrines. The Kali-focused essays include Kali Valipadu (printed pp. 144–147) and Kali Tattuvam by Sambasiva Somasundara Sivachariyar (pp. 148 onward).

Source: Mayurapathi Sri Bhadrakali Amman Devasthanam, Colombo

Original source or repository

Medieval Landscapes: The Idea of the Middle Ages in Bengal

Eduardo Acosta — August 2022

Dissertation · English · Open access

Acosta examines how Bengal’s medieval past was constructed through landscape history, courtly culture and colonial literary classification. Its Kali relevance is concentrated in the final chapter, which traces the Vidyāsundar narrative and its relationship to the Kālikāmaṅgal genre. The discussion compares Bengali, Sanskrit and regional literary strands, including the versions associated with Bhar

Source: University of Chicago, Department of South Asian Languages and Civilizations; UChicago Knowledge

Original source or repository