A Murderous Cult? — The British and Thuggee
Banerjee, Jacqueline — 2025
Article · English · Open access
On the British construction of Thuggee as a cult of Kali.
Source: The Victorian Web
Original source or repositoryBrowse 2,010 curated Kali Ma source records with authors, languages, dates, citations and original source links. Directory page 2 of 42.
This directory and every linked record are readable without JavaScript, login or a search form. It covers sacred texts, scholarly studies, historical documents, devotional writing, artworks and related cultural sources. Individual records distinguish full texts, external access and metadata-only references.
Banerjee, Jacqueline — 2025
Article · English · Open access
On the British construction of Thuggee as a cult of Kali.
Source: The Victorian Web
Original source or repositoryBanerjea, Surendranath — 1925
Book · English · Open access
On claims that 'Bande Mataram' was an invocation to Kali for vengeance.
Source: Wikisource (public domain)
Original source or repositoryBanerjea, Surendranath — 1925
Book · English · Open access
A Sunday frequenter of the temple of Kali.
Source: Wikisource (public domain)
Original source or repositoryAstrid Zotter, editor and translator; Gorkha Palace office, historical issuer — 2019; revised 2023-01-25
Reference · Nepali / English · Open access
This correspondence explains why a certified copy of the Kali temple’s endowment charter could not immediately be sent to the trust administration. The copperplate was kept in the palace treasury, which could be opened only during the principal autumn and spring festivals. The note reports the copying and certification process once access became possible. Its complete Nepali text and English trans
Source: Documenta Nepalica — Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Original source or repositoryCostello, Louisa Stuart — 1842
Book · English · Open access
A French image likened to 'the hideous goddess Kali'.
Source: Wikisource (public domain)
Original source or repositoryHutton, James — 1857
Book · English · Open access
Victorian popularisation of the thugs and their goddess worship.
Source: Oxford copy (Google scan), via Internet Archive
Original source or repositoryPadoux, André — 1993
Article · French · Open access
Critical survey of English-language scholarship on the Hindu Goddess, from Payne's The Saktas onward.
Source: Revue de l'histoire des religions 210(2), pp. 207-214 (Persée)
Original source or repositoryBanerjea, S. B. — 1910
Book · English · Open access
Short story of Bengali village life involving Kali worship.
Source: Wikisource (public domain)
Original source or repositoryHeidelberg Academy Documenta Nepalica editors — VS 1863 original
Reference · Nepali / English · Open access
Specifies animals for the Gorkha palace goddess; editorial commentary links the ritual grouping to Kālikā and the Seven Sisters. Relationship is contextual, not an explicit named Kālikā recipient.
Source: Documenta Nepalica — Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Original source or repositoryHeidelberg Academy Documenta Nepalica editors — VS 1875 original
Reference · Nepali / English · Open access
Documents another appointment concerning the drums used in the Gorkha Kālikā cult and competing claims to ritual service.
Source: Documenta Nepalica — Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Original source or repositoryMonier-Williams, Monier — 1899 CE
Book · Not specified · Metadata only
From Keepers of the Mother’s Flame — Master Bibliography, Sources for Chapters 1–18. Section: Scholarly Works.
Source: Keepers of the Mother’s Flame — Master Bibliography
Original source or repositorySai Vipin Nikam — n.d.
Article · English · Open access
Uses a painting attributed in the essay to Raja Ravi Varma as the starting point for interpreting Kali through semiotics. Nikam applies ideas associated with Roland Barthes and Marcel Danesi to the goddess’s attributes, visual signs, and cultural meanings. The essay considers how representations can signify creation, destruction, protection, motherhood, and power, and how readings change with the
Source: Material Merge, University of Toronto Libraries
Original source or repositorySwami Tejasananda — unknown (inspected digital edition)
Book · English · Open access
This concise biography follows Ramakrishna from childhood through his life at Dakshineswar and his final illness, then provides a selection of sayings. Separate chapters on the Divine Mother, religious ecstasy, the Bhairavi Brahmani and nondual practice make it a useful introductory companion to the longer biographies and Gospel. Kali appears as the deity of the temple founded by Rani Rasmani and
Source: Advaita Ashrama, Kolkata
Original source or repositorySwami Tejasananda — unknown (inspected digital edition)
Book · English · Open access
This short biography recounts Vivekananda’s early life, meeting with Ramakrishna, monastic development, travels, public work and later years. Its most direct Kali relevance is the account of his experience of the Divine Mother during the Kashmir journey and its association with the poem Kali the Mother. It also presents Ramakrishna’s priesthood and realization of Kali as part of Vivekananda’s reli
Source: Advaita Ashrama, Kolkata
Original source or repositoryHim Lal Ghimire — 2018
Article · English · Open access
An overview of Nepal’s living Kumari tradition that combines published sources with visits, observation, and interviews with former Kumaris and cultural specialists. It explains selection, worship, festivals, and the tradition’s relation to cultural tourism and heritage preservation. The discussion of divine identities explicitly includes Kali among the names through which Hindu devotees may addre
Source: The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality
Original source or repositoryPongsit Pangsrivongse — 2023
Dissertation · English · Open access
Substantial University of Oxford dissertation on Guhyakālī traditions through Newar manuscripts, ritual and textual history.
Source: University of Oxford — Oxford Research Archive
Original source or repositoryReligion News Service — 2025
Article · English · Open access
An Indo-Caribbean, largely women-led Kali temple in Queens faces closure over building costs.
Source: Religion News Service
Original source or repositoryJisha C. K. — 2010
Dissertation · English · Open access
Folklore study of the Kali concept across Kerala's ritual performance traditions.
Source: University of Calicut, School of Folklore Studies (PhD)
Original source or repositoryChattopadhyay, Subhasis — 2026
Article · English · Open access
Article on Shakti as the dynamic ontology of Shakta practice.
Source: Internet Archive (CC BY-NC-ND)
Original source or repositoryIndian Weekender — 2023
Article · English · Open access
Auckland Bengalis' 21st annual Kali Puja.
Source: Indian Weekender (New Zealand)
Original source or repositoryAugustus Hopkins Strong — 1918
Book · English · Open access
Includes an eyewitness Kali temple passage in chapter VI and period missionary framing; valuable for studying outsider reactions, not for authoritative descriptions of Hindu beliefs.
Source: Project Gutenberg
Original source or repositoryWard, William — 1863 ed. (orig. 1817)
Book · English · Open access
Serampore missionary's detailed (and hostile) description of Kali images and Kali Puja in Bengal.
Source: Cornell University Library copy, via Internet Archive
Original source or repositoryPriyanka Ramlakhan — 2025
Dissertation · English · Open access
Research on the emergence of women Hindu ritual leaders in Trinidad, including reference to Kālī-related religious practice in the Indo-Caribbean context. Important supporting evidence for the library’s historical priesthood and women’s authority theme.
Source: University of Florida
Original source or repositorySupreme Court of India — 1996 CE
Reference · Not specified · Metadata only
From Keepers of the Mother’s Flame — Master Bibliography, Sources for Chapters 1–18. Section: Legal Authorities and Legislation.
Source: Keepers of the Mother’s Flame — Master Bibliography
Original source or repositoryChakraborty, Amlan — 2025
Article · English · Open access
Photo essay on Tara Devi, Shimla Kali Bari, Hatu Mata and Bhimakali.
Source: Space Ink (photo story)
Original source or repositorySwami Chetanananda, interview by Kali Mandir — 2022 online
Article · English · Open access
Complete original question-and-answer interview on the practical and spiritual principles of ritual worship and approaching the Mother.
Source: Kali Mandir
Original source or repositorySri Sarada Math and Ramakrishna Sarada Mission — Date not recorded
Reference · Not specified · Metadata only
From Keepers of the Mother’s Flame — Master Bibliography, Sources for Chapters 1–18. Section: Institutional, Archival, and Web Sources.
Source: Keepers of the Mother’s Flame — Master Bibliography
Original source or repositoryAdam, William — 1838
Reference · English · Open access
Official report mentioning the wealthy religious community at Kali Ghat.
Source: Wikisource (public domain)
Original source or repositoryThurston, Edgar — 1909
Reference · English · Open access
Priests of Bhadrakali temples.
Source: Wikisource (public domain)
Original source or repositoryAnonymous; traditionally a Brahmā–Nārada dialogue — n.d. [online edition]
Scripture · Sanskrit · Open access
The hymn presents the primordial Goddess through a network of divine names and sacred places. Its sequence moves between celestial realms, earthly pilgrimage centres, and familiar manifestations such as Kālī, Annapūrṇā, and Bhadrakālī. Recitation is framed as a source of protection and relief from adversity. It is especially useful for studying how an Ādyā/Kālī devotional text incorporates regiona
Source: Sanskrit Documents volunteer project
Original source or repositoryAnonymous; traditionally spoken by Sadāśiva — n.d. [online edition]
Scripture · Sanskrit · Open access
Sadāśiva introduces a name hymn of Ādyā Kālikā whose opening combines seed syllables with Kālī, Karālī, Kalyāṇī, and Kalāvatī. The names describe divine attributes and powers, followed by material on recitation and its benefits. It represents the Mahānirvāṇa Tantra’s distinctive name tradition. Although many names begin with k, it should be distinguished from both the Muṇḍamālā sequence and the 10
Source: Sanskrit Documents volunteer project
Original source or repositoryRajendran, Abhilash — 2024
Article · English · Open access
Discovery of the Adya Ma image by Annada Thakur.
Source: Hindu Blog
Original source or repositoryGuru Shyama Khyapa — 2026
Article · English · Open access
Complete practitioner explanation of Agama/Nigama textual categories and their relevance to goddess tradition.
Source: Jai Khepa Parampara — contemporary teachings
Original source or repositoryYadunātha, also called Yadunātha Cakravartin — 2008; 2008 digital transcription; composition date not established.
Scripture · Sanskrit · Open access
A large ritual digest containing Kali worship, offerings, yantra discussion and citations from Kali-related Tantras. Its twenty-eight chapters provide broader primary context for Shakta ritual. The transcription has dense word spacing and should be used with care when quoting.
Source: Muktabodha manuscript transcription
Original source or repositoryBasak, Brajagopal — 1861
Poetry · Bengali · Open access
Early printed collection of agamani songs, the Shakta genre sung alongside Shyama Sangeet.
Source: West Bengal Public Library Network / DLI, via Internet Archive
Original source or repositoryRoerich, Nicholas — 1929
Book · English · Open access
Roerich's travel diary on Dakshineswar, the temple where Ramakrishna lived.
Source: Wikisource (public domain)
Original source or repositoryJerusha Behari — 2011
Dissertation · English · Open access
A master’s dissertation comparing Hekate in ancient Greek and Roman religion with Kali in contemporary Hinduism. The study examines powerful and ambivalent female divine figures within social and interpretive environments shaped by patriarchy. Its extended treatment brings textual representations, religious symbolism, and gender questions into conversation across the two cases. For a Kali library,
Source: University of KwaZulu-Natal
Original source or repositoryETV Bharat English Team — 2025
Article · English · Open access
Report on the Ambubachi festival on the Nilachal hill.
Source: ETV Bharat
Original source or repositorySentinel Digital Desk — 2024
Article · English · Open access
Explainer on the Ambubachi festival of the goddess's menstruation.
Source: The Sentinel (Assam)
Original source or repositoryKali, Devadatta; Gayatriprana, Sister — 2006
Article · English · Open access
Issue with Devadatta Kali's essay on the Devimahatmya (opening at Dakshineswar) and a review essay on Kali's iconography.
Source: American Vedantist, Summer 2006 (PDF issue)
Original source or repositoryVivienne Kondos — 2012
Article · English · Open access
Ethnography of worship at Guhyeśvarī and related goddess understandings in Kathmandu.
Source: nidan.ukzn.ac.za
Original source or repositoryDrishya — 2024
Article · English · Open access
Preview of Kali: Reverence and Rebellion at the Alipore Museum.
Source: Homegrown
Original source or repositorySiddhant Medhi — 2024
Article · English · Open access
Interprets a goddess sculpture in Assam, including possible fierce Shakta/Kālikā iconographic associations. Contextual evidence rather than a securely identified image of Kālī.
Source: Journal of the Asiatic Society, LXVI(3–4), 2024
Original source or repositoryThapliyal, Pramod — 2022
Dissertation · English · Open access
PhD thesis reading Shakta goddesses, including Kali, through Western feminist theory.
Source: Shodhganga (INFLIBNET), via Internet Archive (CC BY-NC-SA)
Original source or repositoryChatterjee, Bankim Chandra; tr. Nares Chandra Sen-Gupta — 1906
Book · English · Open access
1882 novel in which Kali stands for 'what the Mother has become' in the shrine of Mother India.
Source: Wikisource transcription
Original source or repositoryChattopadhyay, Bankim Chandra; Aurobindo (trans.) — 1909 trans. (orig. 1882)
Book · English · Open access
The 'Mother as she is' scene with the image of Kali, in Aurobindo's translation.
Source: Wikisource (public domain)
Original source or repositorySinha, Dibyendu — 2024
Article · English · Open access
Cremation-ground Kali temple linked to the Devi Chaudhurani legend.
Source: Millennium Post
Original source or repositorySwami Vivekananda — c. 1898
Poetry · English · Open access
Vivekananda's English rendering of his Bengali poem to Shyama (Kali).
Source: Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, vol. 4, via Wikisource
Original source or repository